鼠患警报！汉坦病毒到底有多危险？
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=20240712"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-color: #eaf4fc; padding: 0px; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; font-size: 16px;"><section><section><section style="font-size: 16px; overflow: hidden; grid-template-rows: 100%; grid-template-columns: 100%; display: grid; max-width: 100% !important; width: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-size-adjust: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="grid-row-start: 1; grid-column-start: 1; height: 100%;"></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section style="width: 95%; flex: 0 0 95%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 95% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; border: 1px solid #eaf4fc; padding: 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center;"><section style="width: 50%; border-top: 1px solid #eaf4fc; margin-left: -30px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 50% !important;"></section></section><section style="padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #373737; padding: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><p>近期，一艘在南美洲海域航行的邮轮上暴发汉坦病毒疫情，3人死亡；台湾台北也出现一例致死病例。消息一出，不少人开始担心：这个病毒离我们有多近？会不会人传人？平时该怎么防、怎么做，才能保护好自己和家人？别慌。<span style="background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; flex: 0 0 92%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: transparent; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5pt; max-width: 92% !important;">今天，我们用大白话把汉坦病毒说清楚。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 50%; border-top: 1px solid #eaf4fc; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 50% !important;"></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0; padding: 0 10px 0 0; margin-left: -30px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="vertical-align: baseline; width: 578px; height: 270px;" src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/20260511/17784706489315198932.jpeg" alt="image.png" /></section><section><section><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -16px -12px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #a1cfff; border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-shadow: 0.063em 0.063em 0.063em #5a84d1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid #5a84d1; border-radius: 25px; padding: 2px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #5a84d1; text-align: center;"><section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">一、这个病毒从哪儿来</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>汉坦病毒并非新病毒，与人类已纠缠数十年。上世纪50年代朝鲜战争中，多名美军突发发热、出血、肾衰竭，元凶正是朝鲜半岛汉坦河流域野鼠携带的病毒，"汉坦"之名就此而来。<span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">汉坦病毒的</span>"天然宿主"是鼠类。关键是</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">携带病毒的</span></span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">老鼠</span></span></strong><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">多为隐性感染</span></span></strong><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span></strong><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">自身通常不发病</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">却会通过粪便、尿液、唾液长期向外界释放病毒。人类只是被无辜</span>"波及"的对象。</span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-color: #eaf4fc; padding: 0px; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; font-size: 16px;"><section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">目前全球已有汉坦病毒毒株超</span>50种<strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span></strong><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">可分为两大流行谱系：</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 464.2500pt; margin-left: 6.7500pt; margin-right: 6.7500pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insideh: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 0.5000pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0.0000pt 0.5000pt 0.0000pt 0.5000pt;"><tbody><tr style="height: 23.7000pt;"><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; background: #8b0000; border: 1pt solid #cccccc;" valign="center" width="96"><p style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 11.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">流行谱系</span></span></strong></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #8b0000;" valign="center" width="112"><p style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 11.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">主要流行区域</span></span></strong></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #8b0000;" valign="center" width="193"><p style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 11.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">代表毒株</span></span></strong></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #8b0000;" valign="center" width="120"><p style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 11.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">所致疾病</span></span></strong></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #8b0000;" valign="center" width="95"><p style="text-align: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 11.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">病死率</span></span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 55.7500pt;"><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="96"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">旧大陆汉坦病毒</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="112"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">欧亚大陆（含中国）</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="193"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">汉滩病毒</span></span><span style="font-size: 12px;">（HTNV）、汉城病毒（SEOV）、</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">普马拉病毒</span></span><span style="font-size: 12px;">（PUUV）等</span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="120"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">肾综合征出血热（HFRS</span></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">）</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="95"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">1</span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">%-15%</span></span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 49.2500pt;"><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="96"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">新大陆汉坦病毒</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="112"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">美洲大陆</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="193"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">辛诺柏病毒（SNV）、</span></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">安第斯病毒</span></span><span style="font-size: 12px;">（ANDV）等</span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="120"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）</span></span></p></td><td style="padding: 4pt 6pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #cccccc; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #cccccc; background: #ffffff;" valign="center" width="95"><p style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; line-height: 18.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.0000pt; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 8.0000pt; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">30%-60%</span></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #333333; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"> </span></span></strong></p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>此次邮轮事件的主角，是<strong>安第斯病毒</strong>，属于新大陆型，主要活跃在阿根廷、智利的安第斯山脉地区—那艘邮轮正是从阿根廷南部起航的。</p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 60%; border-top: 1px solid #a1cfff; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 60% !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p> </p><section><section><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -16px -12px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #a1cfff; border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-shadow: 0.063em 0.063em 0.063em #5a84d1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid #5a84d1; border-radius: 25px; padding: 2px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #5a84d1; text-align: center;"><section><p><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong>二、"洪迪厄斯"号：为什么这次格外受关注？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>"洪迪厄斯"号是一艘荷兰籍小型探险邮轮，载有约150名来自多个国家的乘客，4月初从阿根廷南部出发。截至5月8日，已报告8例相关病例，其中3例死亡，6例经实验室确诊为汉坦病毒感染。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p>这次事件之所以格外引人关注，是因为<span style="background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; flex: 0 0 92%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-color: transparent; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5pt; max-width: 92% !important;">：安第斯病毒是目前已知唯一可以发生有限人际传播的汉坦病毒</span>。其他毒株基本只能由鼠传人，不能人传人；而安第斯病毒在特定条件下，可以在密切接触者之间传播。</p><p> </p><p><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;">"有限人际传播"究竟意味着什么？</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">它不等于像流感、新冠那样的社区蔓延。研究表明</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">安第斯病毒的人际传播主要发生在与急性期患者长时间、高暴露的密切接触中（如同住家属、无防护措施的医护人员）。对于普通公众而言</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">，</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #5a4000; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">感染风险极低。</span></span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold; font-size: 10.5000pt;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">世卫组织已明确将本次疫情的公共卫生风险评估为</span>"较低"。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 60%; border-top: 1px solid #a1cfff; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 60% !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p> </p><section><section><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -16px -12px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #a1cfff; border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-shadow: 0.063em 0.063em 0.063em #5a84d1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid #5a84d1; border-radius: 25px; padding: 2px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #5a84d1; text-align: center;"><section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">三、它是怎么传给人的？</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="width: 100%; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;" src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/20260511/17784706503796663339.png" width="397" /></section></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>人感染汉坦病毒，主要有三条途径：</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>吸入气溶胶</strong> 当含有病毒的鼠类干燥粪便、尿液被扰动后，会形成带有病毒颗粒的气溶胶漂浮在空气中。打扫废弃仓库、清理老鼠窝、翻动堆积的杂物，是感染风险最高的场景。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>直接接触</strong> 用裸手触摸感染鼠类的尸体、排泄物，或被老鼠咬伤，病毒可经皮肤破损处或黏膜进入体内。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>消化道摄入 </strong>食用或饮用被老鼠粪便污染的食物和水。相比前两条，这条路径概率较低，但不能完全排除。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><span style="color: #ac1d10;"><strong>注意：即使看起来已经干透、"无害"的老鼠粪便，其中的病毒仍可能具有感染性。所以，千万不要直接扫鼠粪——要先喷消毒液、湿润后再处理。</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 60%; border-top: 1px solid #a1cfff; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 60% !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p> </p><section><section><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -16px -12px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #a1cfff; border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-shadow: 0.063em 0.063em 0.063em #5a84d1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid #5a84d1; border-radius: 25px; padding: 2px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #5a84d1; text-align: center;"><section><p><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong>四、感染汉坦病毒，身体会发生什么？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 16px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>国内最常见的类型：肾综合征出血热</strong></span></p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p>早期症状概括<span style="background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; flex: 0 0 92%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent; max-width: 92% !important;">为</span><span style="background-image: none; background-size: auto; background-position: center center; background-repeat: repeat; flex: 0 0 92%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; background-color: transparent; color: #ac1d10; font-weight: bold; max-width: 92% !important;">"三痛三红"，</span>之后病情经历低血压、少尿、多尿、恢复几个阶段。及时救治下，大多数患者可以痊愈，病死率约1%至15%。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p> </p></section></section><section><section style="width: 100%; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100% !important;" src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/20260511/17784706518946747159.png" /></section></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 16px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>更凶险的类型：汉坦病毒肺综合征</strong></span></p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>早期极具迷惑性—发热、肌肉酸痛、极度疲乏，和普通感冒几乎一模一样。但随后病情急转直下：</p><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="background-color: #fffdf0; padding: 10px 10px; border: 1px solid #ffba00; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background: transparent;"><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p>突然出现咳嗽、呼吸困难</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p>短时间内发展为严重肺水肿，肺里充满液体</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p>重症患者需要上呼吸机维持生命</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p>病死率高达35%～50%</p></section></section></section></section></section><p> </p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><section><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="background-color: #fffdf0; padding: 10px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background: transparent;"><p><strong style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; cursor: text; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; caret-color: #ff0000; text-decoration-thickness: initial; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">目前没有特效药。</strong><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-align: justify; caret-color: #ff0000; text-decoration-thickness: initial; display: inline !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">无论哪种类型，汉坦病毒感染都没有针对性的抗病毒药物，治疗以支持疗法为主。早发现、早就医是提升生存率的关键</span>。</p></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-top: -1.1%; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100% !important;" src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/20260511/1778470653303650943.gif" /></section></section></section><p> </p></section></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="width: 60%; border-top: 1px solid #a1cfff; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 60% !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p> </p><section><section><section style="margin: 10px auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin: 0 0 -16px -12px;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #a1cfff; border-radius: 100%; width: 30px; height: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; text-shadow: 0.063em 0.063em 0.063em #5a84d1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin: -5px 0 0;"><section style="width: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid #5a84d1; border-radius: 25px; padding: 2px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; color: #5a84d1; text-align: center;"><section><p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">五、个人怎么保护自己？</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 92%; flex: 0 0 92%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 92% !important;"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 15px 15px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="width: 100%; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; display: block; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100% !important;" src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/20260511/17784706546508723941.png" /></section></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 12px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p><span style="font-size: 12px;">▲ 个人防护要点——防鼠、戴口罩、密封食物、清洁消毒（AI生成）</span></p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>做好家庭防鼠灭鼠</strong>。封堵墙缝、门缝，清除室内外鼠类可能藏身的杂物堆，食物放入密封容器，断绝老鼠的"饭票"。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>处理鼠迹前，先消毒再动手。</strong>发现鼠粪时，不要直接扫，先用含氯消毒液充分喷洒，静置几分钟湿润后，戴手套、戴口罩再处理。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>进入久未使用的房间，先开窗通风30分钟。</strong>废弃仓库、农村柴房、地下室均为高风险场所，进入前充分通风，作业时戴N95口罩。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>前往南美洲旅行，了解当地风险。</strong>阿根廷、智利巴塔哥尼亚地区为安第斯病毒流行区，避免进入废弃建筑，不接触野生鼠类。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><br /><p><strong>高风险人群可接种疫苗。</strong>我国已有肾综合征出血热疫苗，推荐农林业从业者、野外工作者等高暴露人群接种。</p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><section><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="width: 48px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: #fffdf0; padding: 10px 10px; border: 1px solid #ffba00; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background: transparent;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; caret-color: #ff0000; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; cursor: text; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text;"><strong>关于台北案例：</strong>台湾卫生主管部门已明确，今年汉坦病毒疫情并未升温，台北目前仅为个案，与往年同期无显著差异。城市里防鼠的重点依然是封堵下水道、垃圾及时清运、食物妥善储存，而非过度恐慌。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text;"> </p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text;">每隔一段时间，总会有病毒"刷屏"引发恐慌——但恐慌本身从来不能保护任何人。汉坦病毒存在于自然界已有数十年，它的规律很清晰：人类主动接触了它，才会被感染；避开鼠类和鼠迹，风险就大幅降低。对于国内普通公众来说，无需恐慌，但值得养成防鼠习惯。</p><p style="max-inline-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; hyphens: auto; overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3; hyphenate-character: -; box-sizing: border-box !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; cursor: text;"> </p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 12px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;">参考文献：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;"> 贺安文,景志忠,何小兵,等.安第斯病毒研究进展.病毒学报,1-8.https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.1865.R.20260126.1255.008.</span></p></section></section><section><section style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 12px; color: #333333; background-color: transparent;"> 联合国新闻. 世卫组织：涉疫邮轮已报告8例病例3人死亡 未来或出现更多病例.(2026-05-08)--></div> 谢谢科普 注意防护 注意防护
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