汤诚
发表于 2023-8-5 18:14
《二十四孝的故事》浅释
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010499"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p> 《二十四孝的故事》浅释 罗允祺 </p><p> 《二十四孝的故事》是中国古代的伦理思想教材，蒙学读物之一，是中华民族的传统美德教育。历代有″百善孝为先″(″百恶淫为首″)之说，是值得学习、继承和发扬的。</p><p> 《二十四孝的故事》包括:</p><p>一.孝感动天；二.戏彩娱亲；</p><p>三.鹿乳奉亲；四.百里负米；</p><p>五.啮齿痛心；六.芦衣顺母；</p><p>七.亲尝汤药；八.拾葚异器；</p><p>九.埋儿奉母；十.卖身葬父；</p><p>十一.刻木事亲；十二.涌泉跃鲤；十三.怀橘遗亲；十四.扇枕温衾；十五.行佣供母；十六.闻雷泣墓；十七.哭竹生笋；十八.卧冰求鲤；十九.扼虎救父；二十.恣蚊饱血；二一.尝粪忧心；二二.乳姑不怠；二三.涤亲溺器；二四.弃官寻母。 浅释:</p><p>一.孝感动天 舜，远古五帝之一，姓姚，名重华，传说他的父亲、继母和继母生的弟弟象，对他不好，多次加害于他，但他都逃脱了。事后他并不记恨，仍对父亲、继母孝′顺，对弟弟慈爱。他的孝行感动了上天。在历山耕田的时候，大象替他耕地，鸟儿为他锄草。后来帝尧听说舜非常孝顺，有处理政事的才干。就把两个女儿娥皇和女英嫁给他。经过多年观察和考验，选定舜是他的继承人。舜登天子位以后，去看望父母，仍然恭恭敬敬，并封象为诸侯。</p><p> </p><p>二.戏彩娱亲 周代的老莱子对父母孝顺到了极点，他都70岁了，还不称老。经常穿着花花绿绿的衣服，塑造婴儿的形象，在双亲面前跳跳蹦蹦，讨得双亲的欢心。一次为双亲送水，假装跌倒，学婴儿啼哭，引得二老大笑。</p><p> </p><p>三.鹿乳奉亲 周代的郯子非常孝顺。父母年老了，都患双眼疾病，要吃鹿乳治疗。郯子就披起鹿皮到山里面去，进入鹿群之中取鹿乳供亲。</p><p> </p><p>四.百里负米 周代仲由，就是孔子的学生子路，家里面很贫穷，常常吃野菜，他为他的父母亲从百里之外背米回家。父母亲后来死了，他做了大官，还不忘地说我现代想给父母百里送米，再吃野菜也不能了啊！</p><p> </p><p>五.啮指痛心 周代的曾参，孔子的得意学生，非常孝顺父母。他常常在深山里砍柴，家里面有客人来了，母亲不知所措，就咬自己手指头，望儿子早点回来，在深山打柴的曾参觉得忽然心痛，知道是母亲在呼唤自己，便迅速回家，知道了原因。这个传说故事，是强调母子连心，心灵感应。</p><p> </p><p>六.芦衣顺母 周代的闵损，他早年丧母，后来父亲娶了后母以后，生了两个弟弟。后母对自己亲生的两个弟弟偏心，冬天穿的是棉花做的冬衣，可是对曾闵损呢，却是芦花做的，后来被父亲发现了，要责怪、休去后母。他力劝父亲不要那样做，感动了一旁听见的后母，悔恨知错，以后对他就像亲生儿子一样了。</p><p> </p><p>七.亲尝汤药 汉文帝刘恒是汉高祖刘邦的第三子，生母薄太后生病。三年中，文帝衣不解带，目不交睫，凡是母亲要吃的汤药，必须亲口尝了以后才给母亲喝。他的仁孝闻名天下。他与汉景帝统治时期，被誉为文景之治。</p><p> </p><p>八.拾葚异器 汉朝蔡顺很小就死了父亲，对母亲非常孝顺。在王莽之乱中，去捡桑葚充饥。用两个器具装起，被别人看见了，问他为啥子黑的装一筐，红的装一筐呢？他说这个黑的是熟了的给母亲吃，红的没熟就我自己吃。贼人听到，怜悯他的孝心，送给他二斗白米，牛蹄一只。</p><p> </p><p>九.埋儿奉母 汉朝的郭巨家里很穷，有个儿子三岁，母亲经常把自己的饮食来给这个孙儿吃。郭巨就跟妻子说。我们家里面贫穷得不能供好母亲，儿子又要分母亲的饭食，不如把这个儿子埋掉了。儿子将来我们还可以再有，母亲则不可能再有了啊！妻子不敢违抗，就去挖坑三尺，见黄金一坛，上面写着″天赐孝子郭巨，官不得取，民不得夺″。(这个故事有些残忍，给今天寓言所言老母和儿子同时溺水，应先救谁？有相反答案，可见古人道德的重心)</p><p> </p><p>十.卖身葬父 汉朝董永家里很穷，父亲死了没得钱来安葬，他就把自己卖给人家做佣人，来安葬父亲。后遇一个女子，主动要跟董永当妻子，女子以一月时间织成三百匹锦锻，为董永抵债赎身。原来这是天帝的女儿，是上天对董永孝行的奖偿。也就说明了孝子会得好报。</p><p> </p><p>十一.刻木事亲 汉朝的丁兰，幼年丧了父母，思念父母养育之恩。就刻木为父母像，对待生人一样来拜祭这个父母雕像。他妻子久了就不尊敬，就用针来刺木像的手指，结果血出来了，木像见兰，眼中垂泪。丁兰知道详细情况后，就把妻子离了。</p><p> </p><p>十二.涌泉跃鲤 汉朝的姜诗对母亲非常孝顺，他妻子呢，对孃孃也很尊敬。他们的母亲喜欢喝江水，于是他们就去离家六里远的地方，去挑江水回来。母亲喜欢吃鱼，他们就常常煮鱼来跟母亲一起吃。有一天他们屋侧啊，突然就有涌泉，像江水一样，每天涌出两条鲤鱼来，这就让他们不必远走挑江水和买鱼给母亲做菜了，就也是孝心感动了上天吧。</p><p> </p><p>十三.怀橘遗亲 后汉陆绩才六岁，在九江见到大官袁术，袁术拿出橘子招待，陆吉揣了两个，临走时就掉出来了。袁术就问他，哎，你怎么吃了还要拿走嘞？陆绩回说，我的母亲喜欢吃橘子，所以我想拿回去跟他尝一尝，袁术非常称赞他。</p><p> </p><p>十四.扇枕温衾 后汉江夏的黄香才九岁，母亲去世了，他非常思念。乡亲称赞他非常有孝心。他对父亲也非常尽孝，夏天热了，就把枕、蓆扇凉，裸身喂饱蚊子，冬天寒冷了，他就把被窝跟父亲睡暖和。并且刻苦读书，后来当了大官，给老百姓做了不少好事，深受老百姓拥戴。著有《九宫赋》、《天子冠赋》等。</p><p> </p><p>十五.行佣供母 后汉的江革，从小失去父亲，与母亲共同生活，后因战乱，他背着母亲逃难，几次的贼人要杀他，他都陈述，我母亲在，要我供养，贼人不忍杀他。他家里非常贫穷，′就跟人家打工挣钱来供养母亲，母亲需要什么他都尽量满足，而自己呢，经常打着赤脚，生活非常艰苦。后来他的孝行终于感动了，在明帝时推为孝廉，后官至五官中郎将。</p><p> </p><p>十六.闻雷泣墓 魏王裒对母亲非常孝顺，他母亲在世的时候，最怕打雷。死了葬在山林当中，每次遇到大风暴雨，王裒都要到坟前去跪拜，对母亲说，儿子在此，你不要害怕。这表现了他思念父母的孝行。</p><p> </p><p>十七.哭竹生笋 晋代孟宗，从小丧父，母亲老了、病重了，想吃笋子煮汤吃。孟宗无法得到，就往竹林中抱着竹子哭，这感动了天地，竹林中地裂长出了竹笋。他拿回家，给母亲煮汤吃了，母亲的病也好了。</p><p> </p><p>十八.卧冰求鲤 晋代王祥，早年丧母，继母对他不好，在他的父亲面前老是说他坏话，也失去了父爱。继母想吃鲜鱼，当时天寒地冻，王祥解衣卧冰求鱼，冰忽然融化，跃出双鲤。王祥拿回去给继母亲煮食了，病也就好了。</p><p> </p><p>十九.扼虎救父 晋朝杨香才14岁，跟着父亲往田间收粮食，父亲被突然跳出来的老虎抓住。杨香手无寸铁，为救父亲踊跃向前，拼命扼住老虎的颈子，老虎被吓跑了，父亲也得救了。</p><p> </p><p>二十.恣蚊饱血 晋朝的吴猛，年才八岁，对双亲至孝，家里很穷，床上没有蚊帐，他就自己光着身子去把蚊子喂饱，让蚊子不再咬他双亲。这种爱心真是达到了极点。</p><p> </p><p>二一.尝粪忧心 南齐庾黔娄上任孱陵县令，不到旬日，突然一天心惊汗流。他弃官回家，原来他的父亲重病，医生说这个病是比较严重的，要尝他的坟味苦，那么病就会好。于是亲尝是甜的，心忧，他就祷告上天，求以身代父死。后来父亲死去，守制三年，极尽孝心。</p><p> </p><p>二二.乳姑不怠 唐时崔三南的曾祖母长孙夫人年高没有牙齿，他的祖母唐夫人则每日盥洗后，都要去给他的婆婆喂奶，婆婆不吃饭食，身体仍然很好。后来婆婆病重了，给全家长幼说，大家都要学习唐夫人，孝敬她。来表彰对唐夫人这个儿媳妇的夸奖。这就是一代传一代的孝行。 </p><p> </p><p>二三.涤亲溺器 宋朝的黄庭坚为太宗太史，非常有孝心，他虽然身居高位当了大官，但是对母亲的孝道不减，每天晚上，他都要跟他的母亲亲自刷洗便盆，从不懈怠，没有忘记儿子应该尽的责任。</p><p> </p><p>二四.弃官寻母 宋代的朱寿昌才七岁，他的生母刘氏就被嫡母嫉妒出嫁了，母子不得相见五十年了。到了神宗朝，他弃官入秦，跟家人告别说，我见不到我的母亲，绝不返回。后来到陕州见到了母亲，母亲已七十多岁了，朱寿昌的慈孝行为也列入了二十四孝故事。</p><p> </p><p>说明:《二十四孝的故事》，由元代郭居敬辑录成书，序而诗之，用作蒙学读本，成为宣传孝道的通俗读物。上起远古尧舜，下止宋代，讲述古人感念父母养育之恩，以各种方式回报、孝敬父母的故事。其中虽有一些封建迷信、因果轮回的宿命思想，但其宣扬饮水思源、孝敬父母、和谐家庭、社会的主题，在今天社会仍然可取。 清代画家王素和现代国画大师陈少梅都绘有《二十四孝图》册，流传于世，影响很广。2.《二十四孝的故事》亦收编入拙著《贤文选读》一书，除每个故事的绘图外，并有原文、译文和赞诗。赞诗，如:一.队队春耕象，纷纷耘草禽。嗣尧登宝位，孝感动天心。二.戏彩学娇痴，春风动彩衣。双亲开口笑，喜色满庭嬉。3.附"二十四孝图″(原图彩色) 2023.8.5.</p><p class="qf_image noneditable qf_w100 big" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/forum/20230805180316front2_0_268763_FpYYB5Wln8ZZqDAAcycAcbDN_f5T.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpYy5hcHAuaml1cXVoZS5jb20vd2F0ZXJfaW1nXzIwMjAxMjA3XzQzOC5qcGc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthWest" alt="" width="1185" height="889" data-qf-origin="forum/20230805180316front2_0_268763_FpYYB5Wln8ZZqDAAcycAcbDN_f5T.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpYy5hcHAuaml1cXVoZS5jb20vd2F0ZXJfaW1nXzIwMjAxMjA3XzQzOC5qcGc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthWest" 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data-qf-origin="forum/20230805180633front2_0_268763_FrEPpKwcSPq0FZaoqDSQ9P7tbNRX.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpYy5hcHAuaml1cXVoZS5jb20vd2F0ZXJfaW1nXzIwMjAxMjA3XzQzOC5qcGc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthWest" data-qf-thumb="https://pic.app.jiuquhe.com/forum/20230805180633front2_0_268763_FrEPpKwcSPq0FZaoqDSQ9P7tbNRX.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpYy5hcHAuaml1cXVoZS5jb20vd2F0ZXJfaW1nXzIwMjAxMjA3XzQzOC5qcGc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthWest" data-qf-thumb-origin="forum/20230805180633front2_0_268763_FrEPpKwcSPq0FZaoqDSQ9P7tbNRX.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1080|watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpYy5hcHAuaml1cXVoZS5jb20vd2F0ZXJfaW1nXzIwMjAxMjA3XzQzOC5qcGc=/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthWest" /></p><p class=""> 2023.8.5.</p> <!----></div>
霸道[SHEN.X.S)
发表于 2023-8-5 18:22
中华民族传统美德
霸道[SHEN.X.S)
发表于 2023-8-5 18:22
百善孝为先
通天教主
发表于 2023-8-5 22:22
百善孝为先
封狼居胥
发表于 2023-8-5 22:45
谢谢楼主分享
斩魄
发表于 2023-8-5 22:52
传统美德
归来一闲翁
发表于 2023-8-6 07:15
先收藏再细品！
归来一闲翁
发表于 2023-8-6 07:16
孝文化不能忘！
归来一闲翁
发表于 2023-8-6 07:16
感谢汤老分享！
平淡李
发表于 2023-8-6 07:58
百善孝为先