论坛 › 爆料茶馆 › 这些禁毒基础知识你了解吗？快来学学！

柠晓爱 发表于 2022-11-9 21:36

这些禁毒基础知识你了解吗？快来学学！

<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(21, 107, 116); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;'><br></section><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; visibility: visible;'>毒品基础知识</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(17, 118, 129); visibility: visible;'><section style='padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'>一</section></section></section></section><section style='margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(17, 118, 129); border-radius: 0.4em; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'>传统毒品</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; visibility: visible;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62); visibility: visible;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'>海洛因</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8; visibility: visible;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 300px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>其他常见名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>二乙酰吗啡，俗称白粉、白面</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Heroin，Diacetylmorphine</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>纯品为白色柱状结晶或结晶性粉末。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>通过鼻吸、抽吸、皮下注射和静脉注射等方式进入体内。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>具有镇痛、镇静、镇咳、平喘、缩瞳、催吐、抑制呼吸、精神欣快、影响内分泌等作用，可经消化道、粘膜和肺等途径吸入，可引起呼吸衰竭，导致死亡。使用后有短暂的欣快感，疼痛消失，迅速出现头昏、乏力、眼花、心慌、呼吸困难、肢体湿冷、紫绀、昏迷、瞳孔缩小，对光反射消失等症状。海洛因的致死量为0.12克至0.15克。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>成瘾及戒断症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用者会出现瞳孔缩小、畏光、肌体消瘦、说话含混不清、皮肤发痒、免疫功能降低等症状；并发症有艾滋病、肝炎、梅毒、肺炎及肺水肿等。戒断时出现：初时流涎、流涕、流泪、出汗、焦虑、频繁哈欠、失眠等；继而厌食、瞳孔扩大、恶心、呕吐、腹绞痛等。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>鸦片</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 400px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>其他常见名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>医学名阿片，俗称大烟、烟土、阿芙蓉等，是从罂粟植物中提取的麻醉药品。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Opium</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>化学组成：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>鸦片由生物碱、糖、蛋白质、类脂化合物及水等成分所组成。鸦片膏中含有多达40种生物碱，主要是吗啡，含量为4% ~ 21%，平均为10%。其他的含量较多生物碱包括可待因、蒂巴因、那可汀和罂粟碱。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常见的鸦片品种：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>生鸦片，割开罂粟未成熟的蒴果后流出的白色浆汁凝结成的深褐色膏状物；精制鸦片，又称熟鸦片，是生鸦片用水浸泡，加热、过滤去杂质后凝结成的深褐色块状物，久放成黑色硬块状，通常包装在薄布或塑料纸中，吸食时可发出强烈的香甜气味；鸦片制品，系供医疗使用的合法制剂，常见的有鸦片粉、鸦片酊、鸦片液及阿片片，主要用于止痛及止泻；罂粟壳，即去浆汁及籽后剩余的蒴果壳，其吗啡含量为0.02% ~ 0.05%，虽有一定的止痛、止泻作用，但长期食用仍会成瘾；卡苦，由芭蕉叶纤维晒干、切丝，浸入鸦片液体后，晾干而成的老式烟丝状黑色物。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>一般为抽吸。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性及滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>鸦片的药理作用主要是由吗啡、可待因及那可汀所引起。鸦片具有镇静、止泻及止咳功效，但是吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因都具有较强的成瘾性，属国家管制的麻醉药品。鸦片中毒的轻度症状表现为初为极度兴奋，继而口渴，心烦，疲乏，嗜睡及瞳孔开始缩小；中度症状表现为深睡，唤醒后意识不清，并伴有恶心现象；重度症状表现为脉搏变慢，昏睡不醒，体温下降，反射消失，呼吸变慢，最终因呼吸中枢麻痹死亡。阿片致死量为2克至5克。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>成瘾及戒断症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>面无血色，肌体消瘦，目光无神，瞳孔缩小，失眠，整天无所事事，机体先天免疫功能逐渐丧失，易并发多种疾病，最终死亡。戒断症状一般在停药后4至8小时出现，于36至48小时达到顶峰。典型症状包括：初时流涎、流涕、流泪、出汗、焦虑、频繁哈欠、失眠等；继而厌食、瞳孔扩大、皮肤起鸡皮疙瘩、恶心、呕吐、腹绞痛等；最后血压升高，肌肉和关节酸痛，出现脱水，全身性不适加重。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>吗啡</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 413px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Morphine</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>纯品吗啡系白色结晶或白色结晶性粉末。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常见品种：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>吗啡碱，从鸦片中直接提取的生物碱，在毒品交易中常被称作“黄皮”、“黄砒”等，其中吗啡含量约为60% ~ 70%，呈浅咖啡色，有鸦片气味，呈细粒状；粗制吗啡，在毒品交易中常被称作“1号海洛因”，其中盐酸吗啡的含量为70% ~ 90%，颜色有深褐色、米色和白色等，呈粉末状或块状；吗啡片，合法生产的麻醉药品，有盐酸吗啡、硫酸吗啡之分；颜色有米色或黄色，呈片状。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>吗啡是鸦片中最主要的生物碱，因而吗啡的中毒症状、成瘾症状及戒断症状多与鸦片相似。吗啡的毒性主要表现在对中枢神经系统的抑制作用上，对呼吸中枢的麻痹作用为致死的主要原因。急性中毒表现为颜面潮红、疲倦、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、动作不协调、状如酒醉、意识朦胧、昏迷、反射消失、体温、血压下降，两侧瞳孔缩小如针尖样大、脉弱不规则、呼吸浅慢或出现潮式呼吸，多在中毒6至8小时发生肺水肿和呼吸麻痹而死。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>成瘾与戒断症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>吗啡具有较强的药物成瘾性，一般连续使用1至2周即可出现耐受性，滥用剂量是普通治疗量的20至200倍。对吗啡成瘾者突然停用可出现戒断综合征，表现为流泪、流涕、出汗、瞳孔散大、血压升高、心率加快、体温升高、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、肌肉关节疼痛及神经、精神兴奋性增高，如惊恐、不安、打呵欠、震颤和失眠等，严重者还会出现虚脱和意识丧失。长期滥用吗啡可导致精神不振、消沉、思维和记忆力衰退，并可引起精神失常、肝炎等，严重的会导致呼吸衰竭而死亡。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>可卡因</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 297px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>化学名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>又称苯甲酰甲基芽子碱、甲基苯甲酰爱冈宁、古柯碱，是一种从古柯树叶中提取出来的生物碱</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Cocaine</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>可卡因纯品（即可卡因碱）为无色或白色薄片晶体或粉末，味苦而麻，有辣痛和麻痹感。常见的可卡因盐类主要有盐酸可卡因和硫酸可卡因。盐酸可卡因为无色晶体或白色结晶性粉末，味苦，置舌尖上能引起麻木感。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>鼻吸、烫吸、静脉注射</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性及中毒症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>过量吸食可卡因会引起震颤、眩晕、肌肉痉挛、激动不安、被迫害感、头痛、出冷汗、面色苍白、脉搏微弱且急促、恶心、呕吐、昏迷等不良反应。长期吸食可卡因，会引起紧张、兴奋、极度激动不安、敏感度加强、情绪波动、无法入睡、性无能、反射作用加强、食欲减退、精神紊乱、筋疲力尽。大剂量服用可卡因则会抑制心肌而引起心力衰竭，并严重抑制脑部的呼吸中枢，导致精神错乱、呼吸浅急及不规律、抽搐、惊厥和失去知觉，进而引致死亡。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>可卡因是一种强效的中枢神经兴奋剂，通常表现为产生欣快感、情绪高涨、思维活跃、好动、健谈或作个人静思、食欲减弱、睡眠需要不迫切、延迟身心疲劳感觉、强烈的自信心和驾驭感觉、迅速完成一些简单的动作。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>大麻</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 500px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Cannabis，marijana，hashish</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>大麻是一年生植物，含有400多种化学物质，其中有60多种具有类似的化学特性，因此被统称为大麻素。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常见品种：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>通常用于吸食的大麻植物是指“印度大麻”，它包括大麻植物的叶和花。大麻植物花蕊中能产生一种富含液汁且富含大麻素的树脂，采集并干燥的树脂经过加热或压紧制成黄棕色、褐红色到黑色等颜色各异的大麻脂,可像大麻植物一样吸食。采用石油醚、乙醇等有机溶剂可以从大麻植物或大麻脂提取大麻素，并获得深棕色或深绿色的粘稠液体—大麻油。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒副作用及滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>精神活动方面，大麻可让使用者产生愉悦感，改变心境以及对事物的主观感受，损伤思考及问题解决能力，大剂量使用可造成幻觉、妄想、精神失常。身体方面，短期使用效果包括镇静、充血、心跳加快、肺部刺激咳嗽、食欲增加以及血压降低等。而吸食大麻的人会出现严重的健康问题，如支气管炎、肺气肿和支气管哮喘。长期大剂量使用大麻可引起脑退行性变化的脑疾病、严重的行为损伤、免疫系统抑制和神经疾病等。长期服用高剂量的大麻，一旦停吸后会导致身体戒断症状，包括头痛、颤抖、出汗、胃痛和恶心。戒断症状还包括一些行为症状，如：坐立不安，易怒，睡眠障碍，食欲下降等。大麻依赖以心理依赖为主，躯体依赖较轻，不易产生耐受性。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-style-type="1" data-id="13006" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section data-css="border-color: initial;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;margin-top: 20px;padding: 0px" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section data-css="border-color: initial;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;position: static" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section data-css="border-color: initial;border-style: initial;border-width: 0px;text-align: center" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section data-css="color: inherit;display: inline-block" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section data-css="border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(255,140,0);color: rgb(255,140,0);font-size: 1.8em;line-height: 1;margin-top: 0.2em;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(17, 118, 129);'><section style='padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>二</section></section></section></section><section style='margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(17, 118, 129); border-radius: 0.4em;'><section style='margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>合成毒品</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>冰毒</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>化学名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>甲基苯丙胺、去氧麻黄碱、甲基安非他明</span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Methamphetamine</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>甲基苯丙胺碱纯品为无色、透明。常见的固体是甲基苯丙胺盐酸盐，为无色透明结晶体，形似冰，所以又名“冰毒”。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>烫吸、口服、鼻吸、静脉注射。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性及滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>少量服用表现出精神振奋、清醒、机敏、话多、兴致勃勃、思维活跃、情绪高涨，而且长时间工作或学习无疲劳感、无饥饿感。长期滥用可造成慢性中毒、体重下降、消瘦、溃疡、脓肿、指甲脆化和夜间磨牙。静脉注射方式滥用者可引起各种感染合并症，包括肝炎、细菌性内膜炎、败血症和艾滋病等。严重者出现精神错乱、性欲亢进、焦虑、烦躁、幻觉状态。思维方面从最开始的多疑、敏感发展为偏执观念或妄想，并伴有相应的情绪变化。在妄想支配下滥用者可采取冲动甚至自杀或杀人等暴力行为。过量使用冰毒可导致急性中毒甚至死亡。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>麻古</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>麻古即含甲基苯丙胺的片剂，又称麻谷、麻果。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>主要成份：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>甲基苯丙胺、咖啡因、乙基香兰素，其中甲基苯丙胺的含量为16.5% ~ 17.5%，咖啡因的含量为70%左右，而乙基香兰素是一种香料，使得麻古闻起来有浓烈的香味。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>麻古的平均质量为70毫克至90毫克，直径介于5毫米至6毫米，片剂表面上通常刻有“WY”“888”等，也有少数无刻痕的麻古。麻古颜色以暗红色为主，还有鲜红、粉红、紫红、绿色、淡绿、橙色、棕色等多种颜色。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性及滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>因麻古的主要毒性成分是甲基苯丙胺，所以其毒性、滥用症状、体内过程与冰毒晶体相同。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>摇头丸</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>摇头丸一般是指含有致幻型苯丙胺类兴奋剂成分的片剂和丸剂。服用后主要表现为活动过度、摇头扭腰、嗜舞、妄想、不知羞耻、性冲动及幻觉和暴力倾向，故俗称为“摇头丸”。</span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常见的品种：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA），3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）等。下面以MDMA为例介绍：</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>MDMA</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>MDMA碱为无色油状液，被滥用的多是其盐酸盐，为白色粉末。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>以口服、鼻吸、静脉注射为主。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>MDMA滥用者既需要它的兴奋作用又需要它的致幻作用，更欣赏其致幻作用。MDMA能造成永久性的脑细胞损伤和非永久性损伤肝细胞，严重中毒者可发生脱水和突发心脏病。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用症状：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>大剂量服用MDMA常有听觉和视觉改变。表现在身体器官方面的症状，包括血压升高、心律、脉搏加快，严重时出现肌肉紧张、不能自控的咬牙、口干、手部颤抖、恶心，有的出现疲劳、出汗、视物模糊、焦虑和精神失调。即使是中等剂量MDMA也会产生严重的体温升高、心血管功能障碍、黄疸及抽搐。长期滥用MDMA出现的副作用还表现在心理障碍，如心理混乱、抑郁、失眠、焦虑及神经错乱，接近半数的滥用者有恐慌和妄想症。MDMA能使精力分散、动作不协调，因此强调集中注意力的工作无法很好完成，特别是对司机，服用MDMA后开车十分危险。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>“开心水”</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>“开心水”也被叫做HAPPY水，是一种无味、透明、液态的毒品，一般含有冰毒、氯胺酮、苯丙胺、MDMA等毒品成分中的一种或者几种。不同案件缴获的 “开心水”中的成分不尽相同，有的甚至存在较大差异。由于“开心水”的成分多为中枢神经兴奋剂，服用后可以兴奋人的中枢神经，具有欣快、警觉和抑制人食欲等一系列作用，重复使用会使人上瘾。“开心水”中毒一般表现为多话、头痛、错乱、高烧、血压上升、盗汗、瞳孔放大、食欲丧失等。如果大剂量使用会引起人精神错乱及思想障碍，有人会出现类似于妄想性精神分裂症的情况，变得多疑并出现种种幻听。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>“神仙水”</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 620px !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>“神仙水”一般指γ-羟丁酸（gamma-hydroxybutyrate，GHB），γ-丁内酯（gammabutyrolactone，GBL）、1,4-丁二醇（1,4-butanediol，1,4-BD）也能产生类似效果。它们与MDMA、氯胺酮一起并称为三大“迷奸药”，与此有关的性犯罪时有发生。</span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>GHB对中枢神经系统有强烈的抑制作用，目前是我国规定管制的第一类精神药品，通常滥用的是其钠盐，为白色粉末。滥用群体经常将GHB、GBL和1,4-BD掺入酒精中饮用。低剂量GHB（约0.5克至1.5克）进入人体会影响人脑部正常的传导物质的运输，能引起松弛、平静、性冲动、中等欣快感、情绪热烈，令人舒适的睡意。高剂量GHB可以引起松弛、欣快、混乱、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、易激动、眼球震颤、外周视觉丧失、幻觉、短时健忘症。如果摄入过量，则会心搏徐缓，有可能发生痉挛性肌肉收缩、神志不清、谵妄、抽搐、昏迷、肝衰竭、呼吸抑制、呼吸暂停、低血压和吸入性肺炎；中毒者还可能因呕吐使呼吸道梗阻而窒息而死。GBL和1,4-BD口服后可在人体内迅速水解成为GHB，因此其滥用效果与GHB几乎相同。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; background-color: rgb(17, 118, 129);'><section style='padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>三</section></section></section></section><section style='margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(17, 118, 129); border-radius: 0.4em;'><section style='margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>新精神活性物质</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>氯胺酮</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>其他常见名称：俗称K仔、K粉</span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>英文名称：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>Ketamine</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>氯胺酮纯品（即氯胺酮碱）为白色粉末。市面上常见的是外消旋氯胺酮盐酸盐，系白色结晶粉末。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>鼻吸，也有将氯胺酮溶入饮料等液体或制成片剂以口服方式滥用，还有少数通过静脉注射、肌注等方式。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>使用剂量愈大、毒副作用愈显著。急性中毒症状包括：行为症状，表现为兴奋、话多、自我评价过高等，理解判断力障碍，可导致冲动，如自伤与伤害他人等行为。精神症状，表现为焦虑、紧张、惊恐、烦躁不安、濒死感等。躯体症状，心血管系统表现为心悸、气急、大汗淋漓、血压增加等；中枢神经系统表现为眼球震颤、肌肉僵硬强直、构音困难、共济运动失调、对疼痛刺激反应降低等；严重者可出现高热、抽搐发作、颅内出血、呼吸循环抑制，甚至死亡。意识障碍，表现为意识清晰度降低、定向障碍、行为紊乱、错觉、幻觉、妄想等以谵妄为主的症状；严重者可出现昏迷。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用症状：</span></strong></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>（一）依赖综合征。</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>通常在停药后12至48小时后可出现烦躁不安、焦虑、抑郁、精神差、疲乏无力、皮肤蚁走感、失眠、心悸、手震颤等戒断症状。在长期使用后，滥用者常需要增加使用剂量和频度才能取得所追求的效果。同时，滥用者有不同程度的心理渴求，控制不了氯胺酮使用频度、剂量，明知有害而仍然滥用。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>（二）精神病性障碍。</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>氯胺酮滥用者常出现精神病性症状，与精神分裂症非常相似，主要表现为幻觉、妄想、易激惹、行为紊乱等症状。幻觉以生动、鲜明的视幻觉、听幻觉为主；妄想多为关系妄想、被害妄想，也可有夸大妄想等；行为紊乱主要表现为冲动、攻击和自伤行为等。少数可出现淡漠、退缩和意志减退等症状，亦可有感知综合障碍。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>（三）认知功能损害。</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>表现为学习能力下降，执行任务困难，注意不集中，记忆力下降等。由于氯胺酮神经毒性作用，慢性使用者的认知功能损害持续时间可长达数周、数月，甚至更长，较难逆转。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>（四）躯体并发症。</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常见躯体并发症是泌尿系统损害和鼻部并发症等，表现为排尿困难、尿频、尿急、尿痛、血尿、夜尿增多以及急迫性尿失禁等，以及慢性鼻炎、鼻中隔穿孔和鼻出血等鼻部疾病。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>此外，滥用氯胺酮后性冲动较强烈，易引发不当性行为，增加性传播疾病的机会。目前，氯胺酮主要吸食者是一些青少年亚文化群体，严重侵害青少年身心健康，并且容易导致暴力犯罪、聚众淫乱、艾滋病感染传播等一系列问题。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>合成大麻素类</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;'></span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>合成大麻是一系列具有类似天然大麻素作用的人工合成物质。吸食合成大麻素能产生比天然大麻更为强烈的快感，这导致合成大麻素迅速蔓延，已成为新精神活性物质中涵盖物质种类</span><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>最多、滥用也最为严重的家族。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>该类制品多以香料、花瓣、烟草、电子烟油等形态出现，代表制品包括“小树枝”“香料” “香草烟”等。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>合成大麻素类物质一般被喷涂在植物碎末表面，制成植物熏香用于吸食，而且往往是多种合成大麻素混合使用，这使得它们的成瘾性和危害性更难以判断，相关的研究也很有限。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>一般认为它们的成瘾性和戒断症状类似天然大麻，长期吸食会导致心血管系统疾病以及精神错乱，同时也存在致癌的风险。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>卡西酮类</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 304.698pt !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 304.592pt !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 324.137pt !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>历史上，一些卡西酮类药物曾用作抗抑郁和抗震颤麻痹的药物，但最终都由于成瘾和滥用的问题而退出使用。吸食卡西酮类物质能导致类似甲基苯丙胺的兴奋作用和类似麦角酸二乙胺（LSD）的致幻作用，同时还伴有心动过速、血压升高等反应。同时，由于卡西酮类物质通过血脑屏障进入神经中枢的能力较弱，滥用者往往会加大用量并持续吸食以获得预期的兴奋感，从而导致更为严重的大脑损伤。目前滥用此类药物导致精神错乱、自残及暴力攻击他人的案例已有很多报道。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>物理性质：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>卡西酮类物质已达上百种，常以“浴盐”“植物肥料”“除草剂”“研究性化学品”等名称伪装出售，多是粉末和片剂。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>吸食方式以口服为主，也有鼻吸、注射、混合饮用的。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>芬太尼类</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>芬太尼属于阿片类物质，芬太尼类新精神活性物质均为芬太尼的衍生物，是人工合成的强效麻醉性镇痛药，药理作用与吗啡类似。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>目前有报道的芬太尼类新精神活性物质约60余种，目前我国已列管了卡芬太尼、呋喃芬太尼等23种，涵盖国际禁毒公约管制的全部芬太尼类物质。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>毒性：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>吸食芬太尼类新精神活性物质副作用是瘙痒、恶心、呼吸抑制；由于此类物质药效较强，极少量的摄入即可对人体造成伤害乃至危及生命，美国已出现上万起滥用芬太尼类物质致死案例。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>苯乙胺类</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>在低剂量摄入后，它们主要产生类似吸食苯丙胺类药物的兴奋作用；在高剂量摄入后，则产生类似吸食麦角酸二乙胺（LSD）和麦斯卡林的强烈致幻作用。长期滥用该类物质导致精神错乱的案例也已有出现。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用症状：该类物质具有兴奋能力强、持续时间长的特点，一次大量使用会导致心动过速、血压上升、肝肾功能衰竭等急性中毒症状，甚至可以引发抽搐、脑中风致死。长期滥用则会导致多巴胺能神经元发生退行性病变，使滥用者精神错乱，出现妄想和抑郁等症状。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>苯乙胺类物质已达上百种，多是粉末口服，2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺的衍生物类一般吸附于类似邮票的纸片上含食。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>哌嗪类</span></strong></strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>哌嗪类新精神活性物质一般为苯基哌嗪或苄基哌嗪的衍生物。与甲基苯丙胺、MDMA等药物相比，该类药物的兴奋和致幻作用比较温和，且持续时间更长。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>常以聚会药物出售，多是片剂和粉末，主要通过口服吸食。我国在片剂毒品中有检出过哌嗪类新精神活性物质，其外形和标识与MDMA片剂十分类似，据称吸食后的感觉也与其接近。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>色胺类</span></strong></strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 526px !important;visibility: visible !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>胺类物质吸食后能使人体产生强烈的幻觉。</span><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>滥用方式：</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>是“零号胶囊”的主要成分，以胶囊、片剂、粉末、液体等多种形式出售，以口服、鼻吸、抽食、注射等多种方式吸食。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 643.141px; vertical-align: top; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(60, 60, 60); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>植物类</span></strong></strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 382.562px !important;visibility: visible !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 357.062px !important;visibility: visible !important;'></span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>植物类新精神活性物质主要包括恰特草（Khat）、卡痛叶（Kratom）、鼠尾草（Salvia divinorum）。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>——恰特草 </span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>原产于非洲及阿拉伯半岛，主要活性成分为卡西酮，具有兴奋和轻微致幻作用。由于卡西酮的降解，恰特草一般以新鲜的植物出售，但也有卖干叶子的，和酒精提取物的。吸食方式一般是咀嚼恰特草的叶子和嫩芽，也有沏茶的。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>——卡痛叶 </span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>原产于东南亚，主要活性成分为帽柱木碱和7-羟基帽柱木碱，具有类似吗啡的麻醉作用。卡痛叶的新鲜叶子一般是咀嚼，干燥叶子的粉末一般是口服或煮茶。</span></p><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'>——鼠尾草</span></strong><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;'> 原产于墨西哥，主要活性成分为二萜类物质，具有强烈致幻作用。鼠尾草一般以以种子或叶子出售，但也有卖液体提取物的。鼠尾草的新鲜叶子一般是咀嚼，或是捣碎冲泡饮用，干叶子以抽烟的方式吸食。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></p><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;'><section style='padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 643.141px; box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px; border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(100, 100, 100); line-height: 1.8;'><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;'><strong style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'>新精神活性物质的危害</strong></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px;'>上述各类新精神活性物质滥用的社会危害性十分严重。尽管此类物质出现时间较短，成瘾性和长期生理损害有待深入研究，但其社会危害已日益显现。由于该类物质具有强烈的兴奋和致幻作用，吸食后会引起偏执、焦虑、恐慌、被害妄想等反应，由此诱发的恶性暴力案件犯罪屡有发生。</span><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 2em;'>例如，2012年美国迈阿密州“啃脸”事件即一吸食卡西酮类物质人员所为。日本研究发现，滥用该类物质导致的暴力犯罪案件是管制毒品的7倍。</span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 2em;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 2em;'>同时，新精神活性物质种类繁多，效果也有显著差异。很多情况下滥用者并不知道自己购买的实际种类，难以把握用量，由于吸食过量导致急性中毒甚至死亡的案例也时有出现。</span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 2em;'><br style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;'></span></p><p style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; text-indent: 2em;'>根据欧盟官方调查，截至2015年11月卡西酮类物质α-PVP在欧洲各国已造成191人中毒和115人死亡。同样在2015年，美国MTF（预测未来研究）的数据表明，合成大麻素类新精神活性物质在中学生群体中的使用率高达4%；美国毒物控制中心则收到7779例使用合成大麻素中毒和522起卡西酮中毒的报告。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;'><span style='color: rgb(178, 178, 178);'>来源：中国禁毒</span></p><p style='display: none;'><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br></div><p></p>

未佬的佬人 发表于 2022-11-9 22:37

不吸毒，不贩毒

jeremiah629 发表于 2022-11-10 08:37

赞赞赞赞

半生浮云 发表于 2022-11-10 12:50

远离毒品！人人有责

大头哥 发表于 2022-11-10 13:59

必须平时多宣传

骑着蚂蚁去旅行 发表于 2022-11-10 14:56

远离毒品

羽妹爸爸 发表于 2022-11-10 22:27

认识毒品，远离毒品。

开阔眼界 发表于 2022-11-11 18:23

珍爱生命

未佬的佬人 发表于 2022-11-11 20:48

哇塞！品种多哦

人生几禾 发表于 2022-11-11 21:21

怎么这么多哦

查看完整版本: 这些禁毒基础知识你了解吗？快来学学！